Biography of Stokely Carmichael, Civil Rights Activist

Life story of Stokely Carmichael, Civil Rights Activist Stokely Carmichael was a significant extremist in the Civil Rights Movement who accomplished conspicuousness (and created huge discussion) when he gave a call for Black Power during a discourse in 1966. The expression immediately spread, starting a savage national discussion. Carmichaels words got well known among more youthful African Americans who were baffled with the moderate pace of progress in the field of social equality. His attractive rhetoric, which would commonly contain flashes of enthusiastic resentment blended in with perky mind, helped make him broadly popular. Quick Facts: Stokely Carmichael Complete Name: Stokely CarmichaelAlso Known As: Kwame TureOccupation: Organizer and social liberties activistBorn: June 29, 1941 in Port-of-Spain, TrinidadDied: November 15, 1998 in Conakry, GuineaKey Accomplishments: Originator of the term Black Power and a pioneer of the Black Power development Early Life Stokely Carmichael was conceived in Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, on June 29, 1941. His folks emigrated to New York City when Stokely was two, leaving him under the watchful eye of grandparents. The family was in the end rejoined when Stokely was 11 and came to live with his folks. The family lived in Harlem and in the long run in the Bronx. A skilled understudy, Carmichael was acknowledged to the Bronx High School of Science, a lofty organization where he came into contact with understudies from various foundations. He later went to parties with schoolmates who lived on Park Avenue and feeling awkward within the sight of their house keepers - given the way that his own mom filled in as a servant. He was offered a few grants to tip top schools and at last decided to go to Howard University in Washington, D.C.. When he started school in 1960, he was significantly propelled by the developing Civil Rights Movement. He had seen TV reports of demonstrations and different fights in the South and wanted to get included. While an understudy at Howard, he came into contact with individuals from SNCC, the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (famously known as Snick). Carmichael started taking part in SNCC activities, going toward the South and joining Freedom Riders as they tried to incorporate interstate transport travel. Following graduation from Howard in 1964, he started working all day with SNCC and before long turned into a voyaging coordinator in the South. It was a risky time. The Freedom Summer venture was attempting to enlist dark voters over the South, and obstruction was wild. In June 1964 three social liberties laborers, James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner, vanished in Mississippi. Carmichael and some SNCC partners took an interest in the quest for the missing activists. The assemblages of the three killed activists were inevitably found by the FBI in August 1964. Different activists who were close companions of Carmichael were murdered in the accompanying two years. The August 1965 shotgun murder of Jonathan Daniels, a white seminarian who had been working with SNCC in the South, influenced Carmichael profoundly. Dark Power From 1964 to 1966 Carmichael was continually moving, assisting with enrolling voters and battle against the Jim Crow arrangement of the South. With his snappy mind and persuasive abilities, Carmichael turned into a rising star in the development. He was imprisoned various occasions, and was known to recount anecdotes about how he and individual detainees would sing to both take a break and irritate the gatekeepers. He later said his understanding for serene opposition separated when, from a lodging window, he saw police viciously beat social liberties dissidents in the road beneath. In June 1966, James Meredith, who had coordinated the University of Mississippi in 1962, started a one-man walk across Mississippi. On the subsequent day, he was shot and harmed. Numerous different activists, including Carmichael and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., promised to complete his walk. Marchers started crossing the state, with some participate and some dropping out. As per a New York Times report, there were for the most part around 100 marchers at any one time, while volunteers fanned out along the course to enlist voters. On June 16, 1966, the walk arrived at Greenwood, Mississippi. White occupants ended up heckling and heave racial slurs, and nearby police badgering the marchers. At the point when marchers attempted to set up shelters to go through the night in a nearby park, they were captured. Carmichael was brought to prison, and a photo of him in binds would show up on the first page of the following mornings New York Times. Carmichael went through five hours in authority before supporters rescued him. He showed up at a recreation center in Greenwood that night, and addressed around 600 supporters. The words he utilized would change the course of the Civil Rights Movement, and the 1960s. With his dynamic conveyance, Carmichael called for Black Power. The group recited the words. Correspondents covering the walk paid heed. Up until that point, the walks in the South would in general be depicted as noble gatherings of individuals singing psalms. Presently there appeared to be a furious serenade jolting the group. The New York Times gave an account of how rapidly Carmichaels words were embraced: Numerous marchers and neighborhood Negroes were reciting Black force, dark force, a cry showed them by Mr. Carmichael at a meeting the previous evening when he stated, Every town hall in Mississippi should be torched to dispose of the earth. Be that as it may, on the town hall steps, Mr. Carmichael was less irate and stated: The main way we can change things in Mississippi is with the polling form. That is dark force. Carmichael gave his first Black Power discourse on a Thursday night. After three days, he showed up, in formal attire, on the CBS News program Face the Nation, where he was addressed by noticeable political writers. He tested his white questioners, at one point differentiating the American exertion to convey vote based system in Vietnam with its obvious inability to do likewise in the American South. Throughout the following not many months the idea of Black Power was fervently bantered in America. The discourse Carmichael provided for hundreds in the recreation center in Mississippi undulated through society, and assessment sections, magazine articles, and TV reports tried to clarify what it implied and the thing it said about the course of the nation. Inside long stretches of his discourse to several marchers in Mississippi, Carmichael was the subject of a protracted profile in the New York Times. The feature alluded to him as Black Power Prophet Stokely Carmichael. Popularity and Controversy In May 1967 LIFE magazine distributed an exposition by the prominent picture taker and columnist Gordon Parks, who had gone through four months following Carmichael. The article introduced Carmichael to standard America as an astute lobbyist with a suspicious, however nuanced, perspective on race relations. At a certain point Carmichael said to Parks that he was worn out on clarifying what Black Power implied, as his words continued getting bent. Parks goaded him and Carmichael reacted: Once and for all, he said. Dark Power implies individuals of color meeting up to frame a political power and either choosing agents or compelling their delegates to talk their necessities. Its a monetary and physical alliance that can practice its quality operating at a profit network as opposed to releasing the activity to the Democratic or Republican gatherings or a white-controlled dark man set up as a manikin to speak to individuals of color. We pick the sibling and ensure he satisfies The article in LIFE may have made Carmichael relatable to standard America. In any case, inside months, his red hot talk and wide-running ventures made him a seriously disputable figure. In the mid year of 1967, President Lyndon Johnson, frightened at Carmichaels remarks against the Vietnam War, actually trained the FBI to direct reconnaissance on him. In mid-July 1967, Carmichael set out on what transformed into a world visit. In London, he talked at a Dialectics of Liberation meeting, which included researchers, activists, and even American artist Allen Ginsberg. While in England, Carmichael talked at different nearby social occasions, which drew the consideration of the British government. There were bits of gossip that he was compelled to leave the nation. In late July 1967, Carmichael traveled to Havana, Cuba. He had been welcomed by the administration of Fidel Castro. His visit promptly made news, remembering a report for the New York Times on July 26, 1967 with the feature: Carmichael Is Quoted As Saying Negroes Form Guerrilla Bands. The article cited Carmichael as saying the fatal mobs happening in Detroit and Newark that mid year had utilized the war strategies of guerrillas. Around the same time that the New York Times article showed up, Fidel Castro presented Carmichael at a discourse in Santiago, Cuba. Castro alluded to Carmichael as a main American social liberties extremist. The two men turned out to be well disposed, and in the next days Castro by and by drove Carmichael around in a jeep, bringing up tourist spots identified with fights in the Cuban unrest. Carmichaels time in Cuba was generally condemned in the United States. Following the questionable remain in Cuba, Carmichael wanted to visit North Vietnam, the foe of the United States. He loaded up a Cuban carriers plane to travel to Spain, however Cuban insight got back to the flight when it was warned that American specialists were intending to catch Carmichael in Madrid and lift his identification. The Cuban government put Carmichael on a plane to the Soviet Union, and from that point he made a trip forward to China and in the long run to North Vietnam. In Hanoi, he met with the countries head, Ho Chi Minh. As per a few records, Ho told Carmichael of when he lived in Harlem and had heard discourses by Marcus Garvey. At a convention in Hanoi, Carmichael revolted against American contribution in Vietnam, utilizing a serenade he had past

European Year of Education through Sport 2004 Essay

Research, investigate and basically inspect the (European Union’s) European Year of Education through Sport 2004, delineating your answer with models from European nations. Game has been a significant field for the showcase of well known European qualities since the time the absolute previously recorded Ancient Olympics were held at Olympia in 776 B.C. The Olympics of Ancient Greece and in this manner the cutting edge Olympics offered ascend to the belief system of Olympism, a lifestyle that encapsulates through game these characteristics and qualities. In the years that have passed, the changing substance of game has displayed and re-demonstrated itself in accordance with contemporary patterns and mechanical headways, yet the center convictions have continued as before. While and still, at the end of the day in its earliest stages, sport needed to manage pay off and debasement, with legislative issues and corporate greed; similar shades of malice that have tormented the donning scene at the most elevated level from that point onward; sport has endure, and the ethos of game and Olympism keep on being proclaimed as the original of wellbeing, essentialnes s and ideals. In September 2003 a ‘Eurobarometer’ review was completed, so as to build up the overall population emotions towards instruction through game. The outcomes it returned were unswerving in their help. Very nearly 66% of the study test refered to camaraderie as the most significant brandishing esteem, while 70% were supportive of a harder crackdown on doping in sport. Among different disclosures of a comparable pattern it is remarkable that the 2 most elevated reactions when inquired as to whether the EU ought to accomplish more to advance instruction through game were those of Greece (90% said yes) and Portugal (85%). These obviously will be the 2 fundamental central focuses for donning greatness in 2004; facilitating the Olympic Games and the European Football Championships individually. Obviously the authorities of the European Union offer the conviction that the noticeable qualities and medical advantages that can be earned from training through game are alluring. Following the finish of the Eurobarometer study and further research, a spending plan totalling à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½11.5 million was made accessible explicitly for the activity they named ‘The European Year of Education through Sport’ (EYES). The designation of the financial plan is separated, in straightforward terms, as portrayed on the InfoBase Europe site, (www.ibeurope.com): ‘A financial plan of à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½11.5 million will be accessible to help gatherings, battles and occasions intended to promote the points of the Year all through the European Union.’ While à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½11.5 million may show up from the start to be a generous sum, further assessment uncovers in any case. To be shortsighted in examination, let us state that the assets were similarly separated among the European Union’s 15 part expresses; this would leave à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½766,667 (or à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½522,575 [source: www.xe.com]) per country to appropriate inside to cover the whole year. This would work out at around à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½14,744 or à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½10,050 every week for the entire nation, far not exactly the compensation of some expert competitors. The UK part of EYES has 3 ‘key objectives’: 1. Advance EYES in the UK and on a skillet European premise. 2. Give whatever number individuals as would be prudent access to the work being embraced during the EYES 2004 program. 3. Connect progressively youngsters in physical action and game, improving different advancements in the field in the UK. These goals run corresponding with those of the EU in general (see annexe 1). As far as advancement, the activity is being led by a ‘All-Star team’ of famous previous and current stars of European game; the most recognizable of these maybe being Jurgen Klinsmann, Clarence Seedorf, Amelie Mauresmo and Sir Steven Redgrave. Nearby these 5 are another 37 people (just as the Latvian National Football Team), going from universally renowned to some degree dark, every one of whom are focused on â€Å"actively supporting the campaign†. (http://www.eyes-2004.info/254.0.html) There is by all accounts a strong base from which to construct a genuine Europe-wide achievement. Notwithstanding the All-Star Team, EYES can flaunt accomplices from all over Europe, from a wide range of sports just as numerous Governmental services and Educational Associations, 4 TV Channels and, maybe most altogether, Sponsorship from VISA and the German travel organization Vietentours. There will positively be a lot of exposure encompassing EYES as the year goes on. The logo, joined by its trademark (â€Å"move your body, stretch your mind†) will be in plain view at almost 200 occasions during 2004, including the Olympic Games, the Paralympic Games and Euro 2004. Apparently from a limited time perspective, just as the framework, the EU has hit the nail on the head. There will be a lot of chances for individuals to get some answers concerning and take an interest in EYES. Be that as it may, at that point what? Regardless of whether we were to cover the whole landmass with a consciousness of EYES; regardless of whether each school in each country partook; what next? 2005 won't be the ‘European Year of Education through Sport, II’. Clearly the need must be to set out the establishments for future and proceeding with training through game all through the landmass? Any ‘continuing legacy’ or suchlike goes unmentioned in the points and destinations areas of EYES on both the official site and InfoBase. The spotlight is by all accounts on getting however many individuals keen on sport as could be expected under the circumstances, at that point accepting their excitement will stay at a consistent level moving forward without any more advancement. It suggests a degree of naivety as far as the EU’s attention to the apparently clear superfluous curiosity esteem that can be related with most transient administrative and dish European occasions of this kind. There is no capacity set up to keep the task from slipping into history without having had any genuine long haul effect to the training of people in general through proceeding with cooperation in sport. The official UK site (www.eyes2004.org) contains data for schools on the most proficient method to get included, news reports on EYES tasks and media discharges, and online difficulties for schools to partake in by contributing outcomes from various exercises into a database to make ‘live, ‘on-line’ rivalry between schools’ (http://www.eyes2004challenges.org/splash.htm) This endeavors to address the ‘access’ point of the site; regardless of whether it does this remaining parts to be seen. As far as I can tell, the endeavors of the British arm of the venture so far seem to have been poor, particularly on the special side. Open mindfulness is by all accounts non-existent; I have referenced EYES to numerous individuals, youthful and old, at each degree of the training framework; from my neighbours’ grade younger students to my multi year old sibling, to my Mother, (a task director at the neighborhood sixth structure school). Neither any of them, nor any of the others I addressed were already mindful of the EYES. While I am mindful that this easygoing testing can't be considered in any capacity to be demonstrative of the whole British populace, they don’t precisely suggest a resonating accomplishment of the task in my neighborhood. In any case, it is imperative to take note of that in this, as in all cases, just 4 months of the year have passed and there is still time for attention to be made. There are 5 undertakings right now running here in the UK: The utilization of game and instruction for the social incorporation of haven searchers and displaced people. (Loughborough University) Fundamental Skills and Education through Sport (Hull City Council) New beginning project (UK Sport) Learning Through Football: Euro 2004 (Football Association) Leeds Education Activity Partnership (Leeds City Council) http://www.eyes2004.org/projectnews.htm The primary task on the rundown features the poor limited time angle superbly. While it is being run here at Loughborough University; the degree of familiarity with the task itself and of EYES in general has been negligible. Mainland Europe, be that as it may, may end up being an alternate story. While the British Physical Education framework is nearly loose in its decentralization, conceivably prompting the previously mentioned ineffectualness in the dispersal of the EYES message, the French political foundation, for instance, may demonstrate an unquestionably increasingly successful and productive vehicle for the advancement of EYES because of its exceptionally unified nature. Another angle is to advance the estimation of intentional work for the youthful and the advantages it can accommodate casual training. A case of this is in Portugal where by The Portuguese Youth Institute bolstered by the European Voluntary Service are giving kids younger than 16 the chance to assist in European Football Championships 2004 as ball young men and holding banners and pennants before games. The point of the plan is to bring youngsters from various networks and racial foundations together through intentional support in sport. It might likewise be contended that, while 2004 may have at first had all the earmarks of being the perfect year for EYES, with 2 universally esteemed games being facilitated in Europe; the truth might be fairly unique in that EYES could well be eclipsed to the point of irrelevance by both Euro 2004 and the Athens Olympics. To offer a convincing expression about the achievement of EYES at this beginning time in the year would I feel be fairly na㠯⠿â ½ve. It very well may be said in any case, that the correct structure squares have been established so as to make it a triumph. The foundation and the authoritative perspective is extensive enough to be useful to the entire mainland; while staying incorporated enough in key territories to concentrate on similar objectives. The limited time side is again set up right, with agents from numerous games and numerous nations being included from the prominent to the less marvelous. While the indications of I

Want to Be One Step Ahead of Others

Want to Be One Step Ahead of Others Want to Be One Step Ahead of Others? Home›Education Posts›Want to Be One Step Ahead of Others? Education PostsAll people always want to be one step ahead of others. No matter if it is a school, college, or workplace, we desire to be the best pupil, student, or worker. People are such beings who always strive to be ahead of others. In such a way, we prove ourselves that we worth something. However, we always remember and know that there is someone who is better; that is why QualityCustomEssays.com offers some recommendations on how to be ahead of others, build self-confidence and develop a strong personality.First of all, be yourself. It is very important to be yourself as this means that you will not play different roles. Others like honest and unfeigned people. Don’t change yourself.Observe others. Keep your eye on other people. What are their skills? What is the best thing in their personality? Learn from others since there are a lot of things we can learn from our classmate s, co-workers, parents, friends, etc. All our life we learn something new from people we meet.Choose a person who is ahead from you. Find someone who is better than you. Compete with this person secretly. This will motivate you to improve your skills and develop self-confidence. However, be careful, do not be too serious as all people are different and maybe you do not have such skills as person you want to compete with.Be nice. Behave oneself, be humble, nice, solicitous. Do not be arrogant, it is very bad quality.Learn new things. Everyday, learn something new. There are a lot of unknown things in our world. We cannot know everything but we should strive to learn more and more interesting things.Look presentable. You should always be clean and well dressed. Clothes count for first impressions.Face your fears. Do not be afraid. You should find the strength and face you’re the most terrible fears. As soon as you overcome your fears, you will be stronger and more self-confident.If you want to be ahead of others, follow the abovementioned advice and you will be the best of the best!

Effective Implementation of Differentiated Instruction

Module 7 Assignment A7: Scholarly Writing Paper: Leading for Learning How to Effectively Implement Differentiated Instruction in the Standards-Based Classroom Xavier Anderson EDUC 8011 Fall 2011 Walden University Introduction Most modern day classrooms are structured to operate under the premises that students must demonstrate mastery of specific state mandated standards in order to show academic growth. The purpose of this paper is to explore some effective methods to effectively implement differentiated instruction in the standards based classroom. As a result of various education initiatives, the focus of education has now shifted to developing students who are able to consistently meet and exceed academic standards.†¦show more content†¦In order to provide students with appropriate learning experiences, teachers must have a clear understanding of individual student interest, learning styles, strengths, and academic needs ( Beecher. 2008). Teachers in the standards based classroom can best implement differentiated instruction by using a multi-sensory approach to expose students to grade level standards. Use of a multi-sensory approach assures that each students’ individual learning n eeds are met. Providing a multi-sensory approach also give students the opportunity to explore various learning styles. While a student may learn best using a particular approach, it is also beneficial that they learn how to access information using various learning styles. Conclusion When properly implemented, the differentiated instruction theory helps teachers design learning experiences that provide students with access to grade level standards through use of a multi-sensory approach. This multi-sensory approach will help students take ownership of their learning by enabling them (students) to facilitate their own learning. 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Things You Wont Like About Online Presentations and Things You Will

Things You Won't Like About Online Presentations and Things You Will Here's What I Know About Online Presentations If you operate a company, there are scores of reasons why you ought to create a little small business website and begin promoting your services online. If you can give a fee-based or members-only webinar you're likely to see greater visitors to your website and a greater potential for list building opportunities. In case the tool sounds somewhat offbeat, it's. With dozens of tools readily available online, you might be wondering where to get started. If you regard yourself a trustworthy partner, manufacturer, business person, who is aware of what he or she's doing, then you get a perfect right to expect some progress in your organization. Hence, you've got to start with assessing the chance of your idea to become a prosperous small business enterprise. Hence businesses must initiate the procedure for identifying the targeted customers and have to revolve around listing all the advantages that they will enjoy while they choose your merchandise or support. Elect for many approaches to promote your organization, nowadays there's the availability of many ways using which you'll be able to highlight your company before your targeted audience. Whispered Online Presentations Secrets The net has revolutionized our lives in a variety of ways. Websites can be seen from any portion of the planet, and they work 24 hours every day. The site also provides you more influence. The Chronicles of Online Presentations Yes, there are people and companies that are running a business for a bigger period of time than you, but bear in mind they also started from nothing, so you merely will need to get focused on your work and the standard of it. So rather than connecting with each and every individual individually, you opt to set up an on-line presentation so everyone is able to hear exactly the same details at exactly the same time in a collaborative me thod. You can find with an idea anywhere but, how can you differentiate a very good idea from a bad one. An idea is similar to a baby particularly when it is our own. You are going to be setting yourself up to get rid of an important first impression by deciding to stick to your outdated offline tools. Prior to going off on a tangent of attempting to create the ideal slide deck with a lot of cool info, remember to get a good outline of your organization presentation. One of the chief benefits of using online software is that you have more freedom to create your piece look and feel just how you desire. Practice before you deliver your talk to guarantee that the order is logical and which you can deliver it with good articulation and at a pace everyone is able to understand. The Dirty Truth on Online Presentations While it is not hard to use and can be shown in many unique ways, it's limited in the way the info can be shown. Decide on a Professional Coach If you truly wish to be useful at giving presentations, employ a coach. The next degree of hierarchical significance is put on the content title followed by the author and author details. Yes, it's a potent presentation builder, but the normal user is very likely to require a commitment to learning it. If you've dedicated presentation developer, SlideRocket is a great bet. A digital presentation which has an acceptable design will be simple for an audience to view. Penn State has an extensive history of distance education and has over a hundred decades of experience in the specialty. Executives have to be in a position to use their presentation skills all of the moment. Businesses must understand they cannot just boost their company sales within a couple of nights, they must remain calm and has to put all added efforts which have to improve it. Design is a significant portion of a digital presentation. Employing a very simple design interface, you may add many elements to your presentation with no formal training. 3 Steps you're able to follow in your on-line presentation creation. Making presentation on the internet is easy and easy. You may even hunt for great images and icons (that you are in fact permitted to use!) You may download the free version and provide it a try here. Get armed with the info you want to earn a viral presentation. Moreover, you're still able to manage your on-line presentation on the platform.

Become An Organ Donor Free Essays

Research show that up to seven lives are accumulated (two lungs; one heart, pancreas, and liver; and two kidneys) for every individual who decides to donate an organ after death. Consequently, nine patients die each day due to organ shortage. If every healthy and competent individual is willing to donate an organ before or after death, then it is most likely to save an immense number of sick or dying patients and much more offer their respective families a sturdy relief for that so-called â€Å"gift of life. We will write a custom essay sample on Become An Organ Donor or any similar topic only for you Order Now † (Lauritzen, McClure, Smith, Trew, 2001) Organ donation has always been a controversial issue in the society especially among families who are against such perception. Health organizations such as the Center for Organ Recovery and Education and other Organ Procurement Organizations came up with the idea that the discretion with regard to organ donation apparently flows on the donor’s decision, thus making the family only get informed with the â€Å"documented wish† of the donor (May, Aulisio, DeVita, 2000). Surveys stress the idea that there are numerous accidents that occur per day and normally, these individuals would need organs to replace whatever it is that has been damaged (Joralemon Cox, 2003). It may then be taken to assumption that out of the 37,000 Americans waiting to receive the â€Å"gift of life† (DeJong, 1995)—to restore their good health per se—it would be more efficient if there will be many who would voluntarily donate some of their organs even when they are still alive compared to that when they are already dead. As a matter of fact, there occurred Congress legislative proposals which are coherently adopted by the American Medical Association, the United Network for Organ Sharing and the American Society for Transplant Surgeons. In essence, through these laws, the families of the donors are to be given the assurance that â€Å"the body is dissociable from the self and can be treated like property†¦these are proposals to compensate families for transplantable organs which are gathering momentum. † (Joralemon Cox, 2003) It has also been observed that the number of organ donors surprisingly increased given the fact that the Congressional bill comprises to tax credits for cadaveric donations (Joralemon Cox, 2003). Further, it would grant moderate incentives—funeral assistances—according to donor rate. The â€Å"pure altruism† consent of the organ donation system—meaning that it will be under the consent of the donor’s family—or that on the basis of â€Å"express consent†Ã¢â‚¬â€where the deceased’s documented wish where the next of kith and kin would not be able to supersede with the donor’s decision. In these kinds of system, the system would help save lives and one point or another; financially help those who are still living in a manner of â€Å"assurance-foundation. † (May et al. , 2000) There exists several risks on organ donation, like plastic surgery, the addressee is talked to decide over his or her own risk—though insurance policies are there to collide in form—thus it must be kept in mind that there will always be unexpected circumstances to surface (DeJong, 1995). With this, organ transplant schema would be assessed to be of mutual benefit over that of the recipient and the donor. Examples of organ and tissue donation include cornea, bone marrow, hearts, livers, lungs, pancreases, and spleens; and many more dependent on what is needed by the surgeon (Lauritzen et al. , 2001). The donations made are explicitly beneficial and helpful in all of humanity. However, like other occurrences, there are always these instances where the donation process takes a glitch on the procedure. Like what doctors say, not all surgeries are successful inasmuch as there is no total assurance that a cancer patient will not be saved. Hence these kinds of issues only take place when there are anticipated circumstances like the donor is suffering from heart disease or other illnesses which could gravely affect the procedure—but that is impossible to happen since the medical team are to make several tests and diagnoses first to be able to distinguish if a donor is capable to indeed â€Å"save another life. † (Lamb, 1980) Voluntarism may be perceived to be a form of a heroic act by any individual. Even if others may regard it for a stake of financial stakes, still the mere fact that the idea is to accumulate a life is far more important than placing a pedestal of clannish catastrophes. In a larger perspective, in the case of those who are brain-dead, there are families who prefer seeing their loved one help another person’s life, than to live in a life full of agony. Most likely, the â€Å"living donors† are not after for money alone, it is too rare that they ask for something in return after donating an organ. Basically, cornea and kidney donors honor their benevolence to see a person close to them live a little longer, or make one see through the nightfall—to make someone feel complete—dramatic but happening in a real-life scenario (Lauritzen et al. , 2001). Donating an organ in the contemporary society is no longer a hook-on-a-leash issue compared to that when the kidney transplant was first performed in 1954 for the sake of two identical twins. In the modern era, technology has paved a long way in the art of saving lives—or getting a new life out of somebody’s end of life. There may be other culture or religion who are still against the idea of â€Å"taking something† from a person’s body, but if they are to be educated and have them informed of the beauty that waits the recipient, they too would conceivably try donating their organ—whether they are still living or after death (Lauritzen et al. , 2001). In a future marker of this argument, it may be stressed that marketing is no longer limited to goods made by humans, even humans, whose only initial investment is their body, could give a better pay-off with the right people to attend to and seek for guidance (Joralemon Cox, 2003). It is amazing to realize that healthcare has created this system, where normal people could be heroes, even if they couldn’t fly or read minds or make objects move. A driving force to live life through helping others, and gaining income by donating an organ—the feeling of fulfillment is imaginable. References DeJong, W. (1995). Options for Increasing Organ Donation: The Potential Role of Financial Incentives, Standardized Hospital Procedures, and Public Education to Promote Family Discussion. The Milbank Quarterly, 73(3), 10. Joralemon, D. , Cox, P. (2003). Body Values: The Case against Compensating for Transplant Organs. The Hastings Center Report, 33(1), 13. Lamb, J. (1980). Organ Transplantation: Recognizing the Donor. The American Journal of Nursing, 80(9), 2. Lauritzen, P. , McClure, M. , Smith, M. L. , Trew, A. (2001). The Gift of Life and the Common Good: The Need for a Communal Approach to Organ Procurement. The Hastings Center Report, 31(1), 6. May, T. , Aulisio, M. P. , DeVita, M. A. (2000). Patients, Families, and Organ Donation: Who Should Decide? The Milbank Quarterly, 78(2), 4. How to cite Become An Organ Donor, Papers

Western Imperialism Dynamics

American imperialism is an expression that is basically used to denote political, economic, military and cultural influence of the United States. This term is often used in reference to the urge by which the USA undertakes its expansionary ideas with an oblivious attitude as to what consequences might result from such expansion. In David Henry Hwang’s M. Butterfly, this imperialism has been depicted in various dimensions.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Western Imperialism Dynamics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More David Henry Hwang’s M. Butterfly is a post colonial drama that is a rewritten version of Puccini’s opera, ‘Madame Butterfly’. Aime Cesaire’s play, ‘A Tempest’ is a similar post colonial play that was originally written by Shakespeare. Both of these plays have been rewritten but they have nevertheless retained the same characters and basic pl ot elements. The original versions of the two plays had created symbols of other cultures which became household stereotypes. For instance, Puccini’s opera, ‘Madame Butterfly’ had attempted to symbolize the oriental woman as a butterfly, insinuating that they are indeed beautiful but of a fragile nature. The use of the term ‘butterfly’ in David Henry Hwang’s M. Butterfly is a clear depiction of American cultural imperialism. I feel that also the invocation of such terms as ‘The Orient’ results to a symbolization of the Far East culture. By giving it such an endearing terminology, it prepares the USA citizenry to eventually view colonialism as a positive endeavor. The constant use of such terminologies in the realms of literal works is aimed at solidifying this imperialist notion even in the minds of the future generations. Throughout the play, the American way of life has been depicted as most ideal. It has been depicted as a cult ure that upholds high moral standards while the other cultures have been found to lack in this. For example when Gallimard begins an illicit affair with Song, his perception of her is that one of a butterfly. This is a stereotype that Puccini had created in the eyes of the Western world in reference to women from the Far East. It was supposed to depict these women as possessing physical beauty but on the other hand being weak. The weakness here is more to do with personality and character. This would want to imply that they are loose morally and men could have their way with them with little or no resistance. Aime Cesaire has also clearly depicted how the colonialist’s view of the colonized people’s way of life is narrow minded often lacking proper understanding. For instance, his characterization of Prospero who was a foreign ruler of a certain Island and Caliban the only native of the said Island who resided there.Advertising Looking for research paper on art an d design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More We see Prospero referring to Caliban as an ‘ugly ape’. This play highlights the manner in which imperialist carry out their dominance over the indigenous communities without really taking into consideration the feeling, aspirations and general welfare of the colonized. This lack of empathy prevents any sense of guilt from surfacing hence maintaining the status quo. This insensitivity attitude towards the occupied people’s culture by the imperialists is misleading. This is because it leads to the imperialists adopting a romanticized view of the very culture they blatantly choose to ignore. For instance, in David Henry Hwang’s M. Butterfly, Gallimard’s affair with the mysterious oriental ‘woman’ Song brings him much closer to Toulon a Commander at the French embassy who goes as far as complimenting him by intonating that, â€Å"Some of us have t o be content with the wives of the expatriate community† (45). This illustrates a certain secret admiration and appreciation of the oriental women by the then imperialist. The commander is also seen to ask for ‘Song’s’ number from Gallimard when they are bidding each other farewell just before the latter is shipped back to France. Similarly, the fact that Gallimard had appeared quite comfortable at being strung along by Song in complete ignorance that she was a man shows some naà ¯ve fascination by that which is foreign. In Aime Cesaire’s ‘A Tempest’, this imperialistic romanticism with the foreign culture has also been highlighted. For instance Gonzalo romanticizes on the idea of colonizing an island but places emphasize on the need to preserve the indigenous people’s way of life. Not all the dynamics of Western imperialism in Asia bring about conflict. This has been illustrated in both David Henry Hwang’s M. Butterfly an d Aime Cesaire’s ‘A Tempest’. In the former, song expresses her enthrallment with western men and it is also clear that she had great affection for him when at last she undisguised herself as a man, she assured Gallimard that she was still the same ‘butterfly’. In the latter play, Arial seems to harbor no ill feelings towards Prospero her colonizer. She even dreams of a peaceful world where all could live in harmony. Neither of the two plays pronounces absolute triumph for either the imperialist or the occupied. Rather it turns out that subsequent events can be argued to lean towards either of the two sides. In the play ‘A Tempest’, we see that Arial was eventually set free by Prospero.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Western Imperialism Dynamics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This would seem to put emphasize on the need for the oppressed to co-operate wit h the oppressors in the sheer hope that all would turn out for the best. On the other hand, we see Calibo running away which can be perceived as a personal achievement towards the determination of self will. Prospero also at the end of the play is left in self doubt when he confess that calibos has been the first man to have ever made him doubt himself. To put this in to context, it appears that imperialist conquest is founded on false hopes and sheer subjugation which when challenged by the occupied suffers sudden loss in confidence resulting into a massive crumble. Similarly in M. Butterfly Gallimard confesses to have discovered the distinction between that which is fanciful and that which is real. This is a clear submission that earlier on his view of the oriental woman was miscued by the degree of romanticism that had formed in his mind due to earlier misconceptions and ignorance. Power relations, stereotypes, east vs. west, and man vs. woman, race, and gender are some of the is sues that can be studied in attempts to define the dynamics of Western imperialism in Asia with specific reference to David Henry Hwang’s M. Butterfly. It is clear that the imperialists and particularly Gallimard’s presence in Asia is prompted by greed and the urge to dominate and conquer. However, the secret fascination and admiration of the occupied population brings forth some interesting interactions between the imperialist and the occupied people. It has shown that although the imperialists might possess financial and military powers to dominate other less fortunate societies, their failure to capture the aspirations, culture and ambitions of the conquered is not only self defeating but myopic in nature since it eventually misleads them to harbor misconceptions about the occupied people. This way, the occupier in the end ends up swallowing humble pie when they discover that whatever they had held close as truth was nothing but pure hog wash. It is also my feeling that although the imperialist try very hard to impose their culture on those that they occupy, eventually the desired results are far from what was originally targeted. For instance, in Aime Cesaire’s ‘A Tempest’, we see Arial being set free by Prospero and Calibo running away to his freedom. Putting the two scenarios into context will reveal that in the end both the imperialist and the occupied will have inevitably borrowed something from each other.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Taking Calibo’s case into consideration, though he might have run away to get his freedom, his way of life would have changed significantly by having encountered Prospero. Similarly in M. Butterfly, the interaction between Gallimard and Song definitely influence each others’ view of the other and their subsequent cultures. The society that rises from the ashes of colonization will be a hybrid (Fanon, 2005). Inasmuch as a lot of views have been expressed concerning the work of David Henry Hwang in M. Butterfly, I would personally not fully agree totally with the picture portrayed in the play during this time and age. To echo the words of Fanon (2005) that ‘The society that rises from the ashes of colonization will be a hybrid, I tend to feel that there is a great disconnect in ideas between the earlier imperialist and the present day imperialist. With the advance in technology, I feel that most of the stereotypes depicted in the play have gradually been demystifie d . Thus it would be inconceivable for today’s generation to go on carrying on just as their ancestors did. However, other new misconceptions are bound to crop up since any interaction initiated with imperialistic intentions is bound to embrace subjugation and dominance of others as a certain necessity. Since to dominate needs a complete lack of conscience, feelings of guilt are bound to be shrouded under a faà §ade of stereotype and fabrication, thus it is a definite that new stereotypes have to emerge Works Cited â€Å"Comparing David Henry Hwang’s M. Butterfly and Aime Cesaire’s A Tempest.† 123HelpMe.com. 28 May 2011 https://www.123helpme.com/preview.asp?id=9026. David Henry, Hwang M Butterfly, Chicago; Gale Group Publishers, 2002. Matt Stoltz, Gravity. 2002. Web. Michael Meyer, Thinking and Writing About Literature, Connecticut; Bedford/St. Martin’s Press, 2000. This research paper on Western Imperialism Dynamics was written and submitted by user Kathleen Rojas to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Is the Teleological Argument strong Essays

Is the Teleological Argument strong Essays Is the Teleological Argument strong Paper Is the Teleological Argument strong Paper The Teleological Argument is an a posterior inductive argument which was put forward in many forms by ancient philosophers such as Plato and Cicero to the more modern philosophers and theologians such as Aquinas and Paley. It is an argument to prove the existence of God. The name of the argument comes from Greek telos which means purpose or aim. Aquinass argument which was in his Summa may be summed up in this way: 1. All designed things have a designer 2. The Universe is designed 3. Therefore it has a designer, this designer is God This argument, as seen from point one and three, is begging the question (in other words, it is a circular argument). This makes it weak because it has already asserted one of its premises in the conclusion. It as though he is saying that its true because it is true. This isnt sufficient enough for a sound argument. Also, Aquinas doesnt provide any justification for the second point. These points make it look like its a very weak argument. However points can be given for the universe being designed, such as the seasons and death. This point however can be combated by saying that the universe, may indeed, have some features of a design but there are many which show that it doesnt have design, for instance the fact some women have ectopic pregnancies. The fact that it is a inductive argument means that it is not necessarily true, it is contingent (may not be true) and is not as strong as something that is necessarily true. However, deductive arguments never tell us anything new about the world, which unlike inductive arguments which although may not be necessarily true, do tell us something new. However, the question (about the strength of the argument), should not be subject to our preference of knowing more about the world. So, the fact that it is not necessarily true does weaken the argument. The argument is also a posterior, this gives room for Scepticism (which doubts the external world) to weaken the argument. Scepticism says that we can never have knowledge of the external world which means the order or purpose we see in the world can also be doubted. As Descartes put it, the only thing that is infallible was your own mind (this clearly illustrated when he said I think therefore I am). How do we know that order, purpose and beauty in the world isnt the working of an Evil Demon? David Hume, the British Empiricist, raised objections to the teleological argument which was put forward by Paley however his objections can be used against Aquinass argument too. Humes first objection was that we can not assess whether a universe was designed because we have no experience of universe being designed or built. When you stumble upon a house you know whether it is good or not through experience of other houses, you can not say this about the universe because it is unique. Therefore, how can we determine it is a well designed universe? Hume second objection is that is a farce to liken the universe to something mechanic because the universe Hume then goes on to say that When we infer any particular cause from an effect, we must proportion the one to the other, and can never be allowed to ascribe to the cause any qualities, but what are exactly sufficient to produce the effect. This means that just because it may prove a designer, doesnt mean that we can label the designer with such titles such as omnipotent, omniscient and omnibenevolent. The question now is, are Humes objections valid? The first objection is saying that we can not know something if we had not experienced it and it is unique, however, we have not seen the human race being created and it is unique yet we have many anthropologists and more importantly we are actually finding more and more about universe through the studies done by cosmologists. His second objection, which was combated by Swinburne, can not possibly be true because the order the universe has In conclusion, the Teleological Argument is strong because the first two objections that were put forward by Hume have been combated by Swinburne and do not hold up. However, Humes third objection still holds, this makes the argument weaker because it shows that the argument does not fulfil its purpose (to show Gods existence the definition being of a Judeo-Christian God). The objection that it is an inductive, argument does not hold because although it makes it less likely to be true, that does not mean that is not true. Also, the fact that it is a posterior, may mean that scepticism can doubt it but the common sense approach (put forward by Wittgenstein) says that we should not be affected by such things. Wittgenstein says Here is one hand, and here is another and that is proof enough.

Benazir Bhutto - Former Prime Minister of Pakistan

Benazir Bhutto - Former Prime Minister of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto was born into one of South Asias great political dynasties, Pakistans equivalent of the Nehru/Gandhi dynasty in India. Her father was president of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973, and Prime Minister from 1973 to 1977; his father, in turn, was prime minister of a princely state before independence and the Partition of India. Politics in Pakistan, however, is a dangerous game. In the end, Benazir, her father, and both of her brothers would die violently. Early Life Benazir Bhutto was born on June 21, 1953 in Karachi, Pakistan, the first child of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and Begum Nusrat Ispahani. Nusrat was from Iran, and practiced Shia Islam, while her husband (and most other Pakistanis) practiced Sunni Islam. They raised Benazir and their other children as Sunnis  but in an open-minded and non-doctrinaire fashion. The couple later would have two sons and another daughter: Murtaza (born in 1954), daughter Sanam (born in 1957), and Shahnawaz (born in 1958). As the eldest child, Benazir was expected to do very well in her studies, regardless of her gender. Benazir went to school in Karachi through high school, then attended Radcliffe College (now part of Harvard University) in the United States, where she studied comparative government. Bhutto later said that her experience in Boston reconfirmed her belief in the power of democracy. After graduating from Radcliffe in 1973, Benazir Bhutto spent several additional years studying at Oxford University in Great Britain. She took a wide variety of courses in international law and diplomacy, economics, philosophy and politics. Entry into Politics Four years into Benazirs studies in England, the Pakistani military overthrew her fathers government in a coup. The coup leader, General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, imposed martial law on Pakistan and had Zulfikar Ali Bhutto arrested on trumped-up conspiracy charges. Benazir returned home, where she and her brother Murtaza worked for 18 months to rally public opinion in support of their jailed father. The Supreme Court of Pakistan, meanwhile, convicted Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of conspiracy to commit murder  and sentenced him to death by hanging. Due to their activism on behalf of their father, Benazir and Murtaza were placed under house arrest off and on. As Zulfikars designated execution date of April 4, 1979 drew closer, Benazir, her mother, and her younger siblings were all arrested and imprisoned in a police camp. Imprisonment Despite an international outcry, General Zias government hanged Zulfikar Ali Bhutto on April 4, 1979. Benazir, her brother, and her mother were in prison at the time  and were not allowed to prepare the former prime ministers body for burial in accordance with Islamic law. When Bhuttos Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) won local elections that spring, Zia canceled national elections and sent the surviving members of the Bhutto family to prison in Larkana, about 460 kilometers (285 miles) north of Karachi. Over the next five years, Benazir Bhutto would be held either in prison or under house arrest. Her worst experience was in a desert prison at Sukkur, where she was held in solitary confinement for six months of 1981, including the worst of the summer heat. Tormented by insects, and with her hair falling out and skin peeling off from the baking temperatures, Bhutto had to be hospitalized for several months after this experience. Once Benazir was sufficiently recovered from her term at Sukkur Jail, Zias government sent her back to the Karachi Central Jail, then to Larkana once more, and back to Karachi under house arrest. Meanwhile, her mother, who had also been held at Sukkur, was diagnosed with lung cancer. Benazir herself had developed an inner ear problem that required surgery. International pressure mounted for Zia to allow them to leave Pakistan to seek medical care. Finally, after six years of moving the Bhutto family from one form of imprisonment to the next, General Zia allowed them to go into exile in order to get treatment. Exile Benazir Bhutto and her mother went to London in January of 1984 to begin their self-imposed medical exile. As soon as Benazirs ear problem was remedied, she began to publicly advocate against the Zia regime. Tragedy touched the family once more on July 18, 1985. After a family picnic, Benazirs youngest brother, the 27-year-old Shah Nawaz Bhutto, died of poisoning in his home in France. His family believed that his Afghan princess wife, Rehana, had murdered Shah Nawaz at the behest of the Zia regime; although French police held her in custody for some time, no charges were ever brought against her. Despite her grief, Benazir Bhutto continued her political involvement. She became the leader in exile of her fathers Pakistan Peoples Party. Marriage Family Life Between the assassinations of her close relatives and Benazirs own frantically busy political schedule, she had no time for dating or meeting men. In fact, by the time she entered her 30s, Benazir Bhutto had begun to assume that she would never marry; politics would be her lifes work and only love. However, her family had other ideas. An auntie advocated for a fellow Sindhi and scion of a landed family, a young man named Asif Ali Zardari. Benazir refused to even meet him at first, but after a concerted effort by her family and his, the marriage was arranged (despite Benazirs feminist qualms about arranged marriages). The marriage was a happy one, and the couple had three children - a son, Bilawal (born 1988), and two daughters, Bakhtawar (born 1990) and Aseefa (born 1993). They had hoped for a larger family, but Asif Zardari was imprisoned for seven years, so they were unable to have more children. Return and Election as Prime Minister On August 17, 1988, the Bhuttos received a favor from the heavens, as it were. A C-130 carrying General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq and several of his top military commanders, along with US Ambassador to Pakistan Arnold Lewis Raphel, crashed near Bahawalpur, in the Punjab region of Pakistan. No definitive cause was ever established, although theories included sabotage, Indian missile strike, or a suicidal pilot. Simple mechanical failure seems the most likely cause, however. Zias unexpected death cleared the way for Benazir and her mother to lead the PPP to victory in the November 16, 1988 parliamentary elections. Benazir became Pakistans eleventh prime minister on December 2, 1988. Not only was she Pakistans first female Prime Minister, but also the first woman to lead a Muslim nation in modern times. She focused on social and political reforms, which rankled more traditional or Islamist politicians. Prime Minister Bhutto faced a number of international policy problems during her first tenure in office, including the Soviet and American withdrawal from Afghanistan and the resulting chaos. Bhutto reached out to India, establishing a good working relationship with Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, but that initiative failed when he was voted out of office, and then assassinated by Tamil Tigers in 1991. Pakistans relationship with the United States, already strained by the situation in Afghanistan, broke altogether in 1990 over the issue of nuclear weapons. Benazir Bhutto firmly believed that Pakistan needed a credible nuclear deterrent, since India had already tested a nuclear bomb in 1974. Corruption Charges On the domestic front, Prime Minister Bhutto sought to improve human rights and the position of women in Pakistani society. She restored freedom of the press  and allowed labor unions and student groups to meet openly once again. Prime Minister Bhutto also working assiduously to weaken the ultra-conservative president of Pakistan, Ghulam Ishaq Khan, and his allies in the military leadership. However, Khan had veto power over parliamentary actions, which severely restricted Benazirs effectiveness on matters of political reform. In November of 1990, Khan dismissed Benazir Bhutto from the Prime Ministership and called new elections. She was charged with corruption and nepotism under the Eighth Amendment to the Pakistani Constitution; Bhutto always maintained that the charges were purely political. The conservative parliamentarian Nawaz Sharif became the new prime minister, while Benazir Bhutto was relegated to being the opposition leader for five years. When Sharif also tried to repeal the Eighth Amendment, President Ghulam Ishaq Khan used it to recall his government in 1993, just as he had done to Bhuttos government three years earlier. As a result, Bhutto and Sharif joined forces to oust President Khan in 1993. Second Term as Prime Minister In October of 1993, Benazir Bhuttos PPP got a plurality of the parliamentary seats  and formed a coalition government. Once again, Bhutto became prime minister. Her hand-picked candidate for the presidency, Farooq Leghari, took office in the place of Khan. In 1995, an alleged conspiracy to oust Bhutto in a military coup was exposed, and the leaders tried and jailed for sentences of two to fourteen years. Some observers believe that the putative coup was simply an excuse for Benazir to rid the military of some of her opponents. On the other hand, she had first-hand knowledge of the danger a military coup could pose, considering her fathers fate. Tragedy struck the Bhuttos once more on September 20, 1996, when Karachi police shot dead Benazirs surviving brother, Mir Ghulam Murtaza Bhutto. Murtaza had not gotten along well with Benazirs husband, which sparked conspiracy theories about his assassination. Even Benazir Bhuttos own mother accused the prime minister and her husband of causing Murtazas death. In 1997, Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto was dismissed from office once more, this time by President Leghari, whom she had supported. Again, she was charged with corruption; her husband, Asif Ali Zardari, was also implicated. Leghari reportedly believed that the couple was implicated in Murtaza Bhuttos assassination. Exile Once More Benazir Bhutto stood for parliamentary elections in February of 1997  but was defeated. Meanwhile, her husband had been arrested trying to get to Dubai  and went on trial for corruption. While in prison, Zardari won a parliamentary seat. In April of 1999, both Benazir Bhutto and Asif Ali Zardari were convicted of corruption  and were fined $8.6 million US each. They were both sentenced to five years in prison. However, Bhutto was already in Dubai, which refused to extradite her back to Pakistan, so only Zardari served his sentence. In 2004, after his release, he joined his wife in exile in Dubai. Return to Pakistan On October 5, 2007, General and President Pervez Musharraf granted Benazir Bhutto amnesty from all of her corruption convictions. Two weeks later, Bhutto returned to Pakistan to campaign for the 2008 elections. On the day she landed at Karachi, a suicide bomber attacked her convoy surrounded by well-wishers, killing 136 and injuring 450; Bhutto escaped unharmed. In response, Musharraf declared a state of emergency on November 3. Bhutto criticized the declaration  and called Musharraf a dictator. Five days later, Benazir Bhutto was placed under house arrest to prevent her from rallying her supporters against the state of emergency. Bhutto was freed from house arrest the following day, but the state of emergency remained in effect until December 16, 2007. In the meantime, however, Musharraf gave up his post as a general in the army, affirming his intention to rule as a civilian. The Assassination of Benazir Bhutto On December 27, 2007, Bhutto appeared at an election rally in the park known as Liaquat National Bagh in Rawalpindi. As she was leaving the rally, she stood up to wave to supporters through the sunroof of her SUV. A gunman shot her three times, and then explosives went off all around the vehicle. Twenty people died on the scene; Benazir Bhutto passed away about an hour later in the hospital. Her cause of death was not the gunshot wounds but rather blunt force head trauma. The blast of the explosions had slammed her head into the edge of the sunroof with terrible force. Benazir Bhutto died at the age of 54, leaving behind a complicated legacy. The charges of corruption leveled against her husband and herself do not seem to have been entirely invented for political reasons, despite Bhuttos assertions to the contrary in her autobiography. We may never know whether she had any fore-knowledge about her brothers assassination. In the end, though, nobody can question Benazir Bhuttos bravery. She and her family endured tremendous hardships, and whatever her faults as a leader, she genuinely did strive to improve life for the ordinary people of Pakistan. For more information about women in power in Asia, see this list of Female Heads of State. Sources Bahadur, Kalim. Democracy in Pakistan: Crises and Conflicts, New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications, 1998. Obituary: Benazir Bhutto, BBC News, Dec. 27, 2007. Bhutto, Benazir. Daughter of Destiny: An Autobiography, 2nd ed., New York: Harper Collins, 2008. Bhutto, Benazir. Reconciliation: Islam, Democracy, and the West, New York: Harper Collins, 2008. Englar, Mary. Benazir Bhutto: Pakistani Prime Minister and Activist, Minneapolis, MN: Compass Point Books, 2006.

Fundamentals of Information and Information Systems Essay

Fundamentals of Information and Information Systems - Essay Example This report pertains to the current position of Hewlett Packard (HP) Information Systems, its current business problems and the way ahead for this business organization. My first impression at the outset of the ESS Information System (E-Services Solution)group is to point out that this venture may be successful at the outset given the period 1999 until 2000 but it has all the ingredients of becoming a victim of its own success and potentially damaging the work culture of HP with the so called aim of "infecting" the entire spirit.(see Case Study 2000).I would reach such a bleak conclusion for many reasons which I will discuss below but the pith and substance of my analysis as a management consultant is that "small is beautiful" but once it gets large it becomes ugly. And this is true for HP's future if the ESS information system which is under discussion here is allowed to grown into its organizational management and Information System culture. ... And this is true for HP's future if the ESS information system which is under discussion here is allowed to grown into its organizational management and Information System culture. It can be seen that in 1999 alone through the efforts of the ESS Information System,HP has achieved the status as a leading manufacturer of computer products, including printers, servers, workstations, and personal computers and is generating a revenue of $42.4 billion and net income of $3.1 billion.It has over 80,000 employees worldwide and a strong local presence in Silicon Valley and the Bay Area. The problems of HP and the role of ESS.The case study has given us a bird's eyes view of the historical problems with the management strategy of HP as follows. 1. In 1939 Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard, found HP and were an instant success with their venture and wanted to pursue their own unique way of doing business: "The HP Way." The evolution of the HP Way began early. Even though their decentralized management information system style was a success in the earlier dealing and by 1957 Hewlett and Packard had their own corporate objectives, underling the "The HP Way" through management strategies like Management By Wandering Around, Management By Objectives, and the Open Door Policy inspired later additions, including Open Communication and Total Quality Control .These practices cannot be seen anywhere today and later on the conservative attitude of the HP information system management with in a decentralized company was more product oriented than customer oriented.(refer to Case Study 2000) 2. At this point HP's corporate software and support division and corporate systems

Services Marketing. Case of Paul Smith Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Services Marketing. Case of Paul Smith - Essay Example Services as the core products represent a wide series of intangible elements for which the consumers render considerable value within the marketplace (Fashion United Group, 2009). From this perspective, the paper intends to relate the concept of services marketing with Paul Smith, one of the leading fashion retails based in the United Kingdom. The fashion retail unit was started by Paul Smith, a UK based fashion designer. In the year 1970, in Nottingham, Paul Smith started a boutique with small portion of his savings. By the year 1976, in Paris, Paul Smith brought in his inaugural menswear collection, which was rendered within the label of Paul Smith. Since then, in a long-standing successful tradition the company along with Paul Smith have placed themselves as among the eminent British retailers and fashion designers. Global collection of the company is presently wholesaled to around 66 nations. In the UK, there are 17 shops rendering Paul Smith collection (Paul Smith, 2012). In rel ation to Paul Smith, the identified strategic service marketing issues comprise ensuring effective customer relationship and loyalty, insecurity of the potential customers and uncertainties emerging due to the trend of fast fashion among others. The discussion will encompass an assessment of the fashion retail sector in terms of its size and competitive structure. The assessment will also encompass the opportunities and threats which can severely impact on the activities of Paul Smith. Moreover, the discussion will further involve summarising the commonalities and differences between the present services marketing strategies of the major players in the fashion retail sector. Identification of the organisation’s key strategic services marketing issues for the next five years will be portrayed within the analysis of the paper. In addition, the paper will also demonstrate the relationship among the issues affecting services marketing strategies. Fashion Retail Sector of the Unit ed Kingdom The fashion retail sector in the UK can be regarded as one of the major industrial sectors, which has encompassed rapid and continuous growth by a considerable extent. It can be observed from the assessment of past few years that the global retail sector is considerably shaping an independent and successful position through well build business strategies including sales and marketing, innovation and effective business policies. According to the present performance of the fashion retail sector in the UK market, it can be observed to have acquired a large amount of consumer preferences and expenditures through delivering exceptionally manufactured of textiles, clothing along with footwear and leather items. The steady growth in the fashion retail sector can be identified to have taken place due to cutting-edge innovation of products along with effective and convenient supply chain management of the service rendering companies which considerable play major roles within the i ndustry. Moreover, the fashion retai

Maharashtra APMCs: Current Status and Substitute Marketing

Maharashtra APMCs: Current Status and Substitute Marketing Shivaang Sharma In India, the marketing of agricultural produce is regulated by Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation) Act 1966, which provides for the constitution of market committees by state government, notification of agricultural commodities as also place of marketing of agricultural produce. Hence, the marketing of notified agricultural produce in areas other than notified areas is illegal. The areas so designed by the state government are known as Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) markets or Mandies. The age old monopoly of wholesale markets under the government’s regulation have essentially curbed the advancement of a competitive marketing system in the country, providing provision of help to farmers in direct marketing, organizing retailing, smooth supply of raw materials to industries specialising in agro processing and the adoption of an innovative marketing technologies and systems. The objectives of this report are to: Examine the current status of state agricultural markets and efforts to strengthen their marketing infrastructure. Examine the progress made by alternative marketing channels such as Shetkari Bazaars and Contract farming. Agricultural markets in the country are established (Table 1) and regulated under each state’s APMC acts. The entire physical area within each state is separated and affirmed to be a market area where Market Committees manage the market yards which themselves are established by the individual state governments. When a specific location within the state is confirmed as a market area, it automatically comes within the jurisdiction of the state’s appointed market committee. Within this area only persons who have been granted licence for operating within the region may be free to engage in wholesale marketing activities. These legally established monopolies of wholesale markets which are government regulated have essentially curbed the growth of a more advanced competitive system of agrarian marketing within the realm of each state. Therefore an efficient system of agricultural marketing is much needed for the expansion of the agrarian part of the economy since it further l eads to incentives and mediums for increased agricultural and allied sectors production thereby helping subsistence farmers to commercialise themselves and their businesses more effectively. Table 1: Division wise distribution of APMC main market and sub market yards in Maharashtra: Source: Director of Marketing (DOM), Pune. As per the policy of Government of Maharashtra, produce of agriculture, whether processed or not, including horticulture, animal husbandry, pisciculture and produce from forests are defined as agricultural produce. From time to time, the agricultural produce of the area are notified as agricultural produce for marketing in designated market place by the Directorate of Marketing and Inspection. In this backdrop, GOI constituted an expert committee on strengthening and developing of Agriculture marketing in December 2000, which was followed by constitution of an inter ministerial task force to review the parent system of Agricultural marketing in the country and to recommend measures to make the system more efficient. The committee in its report of June 2001 and Task force in its report of May 2002 made a number of recommendations not only to improve the existing regulated marketing network but also to promote a parallel marketing network in the private and cooperative sector. These recommendations included: analysing the requirements to provide and strengthen existing marketing infrastructure, promote competitive alternative agricultural marketing infrastructure through involvement of private and cooperative sector, provide infrastructure facilities for grading, standardization and quality certification of agricultural produce and to provide training for farmers, entrepreneurs and market functionaries on agricultural marketing. Consequent upon this development, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperation, GOI launched a credit linked back ended capital investment subsidy scheme for development/Strengthening of Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure, Grading and Standardization (AMIGS) with effect from 20th October 2004 with the view to creating: Additional Agricultural Marketing infrastructure Strengthening existing agricultural marketing infrastructure Promoting competitive alternative agricultural marketing infrastructure through the involvement of private and cooperative sectors. Since the scheme was linked to market reforms, the states which have amended the APMC Act to include private participation and contract farming are now eligible for availing the benefit of subsidy under the scheme. The state of Maharashtra being one of the leading states to adopt the new policy of Union government has amended its APMC act and the scheme is in operation since 5th September 2006. Some aspects of this scheme include: Grain units – godown, drying yard, site development and machinery; Milk unit- bulk coolers, combine harvesters and auction sheds. Table 2: Geographical coverage of APMCs in Maharashtra: Source: Director of Marketing (DOM), Pune. Considering the geographical coverage of APMCs within the state (Table 2); as of 31st March 2011, 188 proposals having a financial outlay of Rs. 22,671.32 Lakh, bank loan of Rs. 14,191.68 Lakh and eligible subsidy of Rs. 4,692.61 Lakh were received from different banks by NABARD, Maharashtra Regional Office, Pune. In order to review the processes implemented by the APMCS of Maharashtra, a detailed study was conducted by NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Development). Progressing to the second objective of this report, we begin by analysing the alternative popular marketing channel which is growing in conjunction with the conventional APMC set up i.e. Shetkari Bazars. The Farmer’s Market (Shetkari Bazar) is an idea of marketing the agrarian produce directly to consumers by producers (farmers). By excluding the intermediaries who in the model appear to be an inflationary force, the agrarian produce reaches its destination in good condition due to minimal in between handlers. As a result, this method leads to better price realization for the farmers and also quality produce reaches the consumers at far lower lower price levels. This format of conducting agricultural marketing has previously been enforced in Andhra Pradesh (which was called Raithu Bazar). This format is meant to assist small scale farmer producers (with fewer quantities of fragile vegetables and fruits) to secure better price levels thereby escaping commercial exploitation in the market yard by Dalals. Since 2nd July 2002, as per the government resolution No. APMC-1099/PC.305/11-c, Govt. of Maharashtra has decided to set up Shetkari Bazars in the state and MSAMB has been appointed as nodal agency for implementing this scheme. The produce brought by farmers will not be levied cess at the Shetkari bazaars in all districts and key taluka places by APMCs from the area. As per this resolution, a state level committee is setup under the chairmanship of Hon. Minister of Marketing, Govt. of Maharashtra, for implementing and monitoring of this scheme. The district level committees are also set up under the chairpersonship of respective district collectors with the following objectives4: To help farmers to get reasonable rates for their produce; To benefit consumers by giving them fresh produce at reasonable prices; Immediate value realization of the produce to farmers without any deductions; To provide produce in appropriate weights and measures to consumers; To being producers and consumers together to avoid chain of middlemen. The MSAMB has planned setting up of 100 Shetkari Bazars in the state by the next 5 years. The cost of setting up a single bazaar is estimated to be around 20 25 Lakh. Hence, MSAMB is providing loan to the maximum extent of 10 Lakh per beneficiary. Interest is subsidized up to 50% of the total loan. The rate of interest for the loan is 5% p.p. with 10 years payback period. To avail this loan, the APMC has to submit the proposal to the MSAMB along with the detailed plan and estimates and get prior approval for the same before beginning construction. There have been some compelling success stories in the realm of Contract farming which have transformed the fortunes of farmers belonging to specific regions of Maharashtra. Manchar village in Pune district of Maharashtra is famous for its high quality potato crops. Pepsico company recently began buying the produce of over 6000 acres of land in the area. The key elements of Pepsico’s success are its unique partnership with local agencies, execution of technology transfer through well trained extension personnel, supply of agricultural implements free of cost, regular and timely payment to farmers and the maintenance of a perfect logistic system. This is especially beneficial considering the amount of PHL minimised and the time saved by farmers who otherwise would need to transport their precious crops to the APMC market yard at the daily risk of losing some of their crops to handling, weather and potential road accidents. Recently, Sanghar Exports, Pune, also entered into contract farming of banana with the farmers in Pune (Phoolgaon) and Solapur. In this case however, the contract is only for the purchase of the agricultural produce. In conclusion, owing to the nature of the APMC marketing pipeline, inflationary practices have become inescapably endemic within the APMC marketing apparatus which can only be removed by a two-fold method. Firstly promotion and financing of alternative marketing channels such as Shetkari Bazaars, Contract farming and direct marketing must be followed. Secondly, by reducing the number of middlemen currently included within the APMC marketing process (such as dalals, auctioneers etc) along with increasing the number of licenses granted to more farmers and dalal shops from operating within the market yard shall lead to considerably reduced auction price rates since it inevitably leads to greater supply and more competitive bidding at the market auction yards at the market yards. Furthermore, there exists a dire need to strengthen existing marketing infrastructure, promote competitive alternative agricultural marketing infrastructure through involvement of private and cooperative sector, promote direct marketing and direct integration of processing units with produces, supply infrastructure resources meant to be utilised for standardization, grading and quality certification of agrarian goods, to introduce negotiable warehousing receipt system, also to promote pledge financing, forward and future markets and to create awareness and provide training to farmers, entrepreneurs and market functionaries on agricultural marketing. Hence, although these APMCs have facilitated the provision of a variety of services and forward linkages to farmers for long time after the opening up of Indian economy in late nineties, but, the age old practices and procedures incorporated within their functioning have invited criticism from all quarters in recent past. Since their incorporation, farmers have lost confidence in APMCs due to number of malpractices like lack of transparency, high charges levied by commission agents, wrong weightments and restriction of marketing licences for farmers and auctioneers alike (which curtails supply thereby exacerbating food price inflation). References and Bibliography: www.msamb.com www.nabard.org www.agmarknet.in http://www.msamb.com/schemes/default.htm All table sources: Maharashtra State Agricultural Marketing Board Director Marketing, GOM, Pune.

Jewish society Essay

Bread Givers offers an insight into the life of Jews, particularly Jewish women during the early 1900s. This semi-fiction is a journey of the then Jewish settlers in virgin America. The plot is interwoven with a number of conflicts common in that era. Anzia Yezierska has beautifully penned a story about the life of a Jewish woman, her two sisters and her parents; how she carries the burden of being the bread earner of the family, and yet have all her decisions made by her father. The book shows us many facets of the lives of the Jewish settlers in the early 1900s. Through its themes it showcases the many roles the Jewish people especially the women, had to live up to after their immigration into the United States. In this era, general law in the Jewish society was that the man had the final say in everything . which was evident from the fact that Reb Smolinsky was able to thrash every single one of his daughters romances. If we follow the life of Sara we will see that gender roles in this era were evidently changing, as Sara made her own decisions and lived her own life. However, society did not accept this change and at the end of the day she was nothing more than an outcast. It’s ironic that at the end of the day happiness only came to her after she had found Hugo. Looming over the heads of the females in this era was the conflict between generations. We see that â€Å"family† keeps the girls from running away and doing what they want in life. According to old traditions, males dominate the decisions as per tradition. But here we see the youngest of the three sisters, Sara rebelling against these traditions and going against the tide and doing what she believes in and not what the generations have taught her. An unavoidable situation arises and the weight of expectation pushes Sara into taking her father into her own home. Hugo, her fiance, sees only the community belief of what is expected of them and takes their father in without question. Despite how far she has come, the life her culture requires and expects is still waiting for her, ready to take advantage of the slightest slip. As the story evolves, we see how each of the three sisters’ grows up and longs for a man in her life. However, their course in life shows a sharp contrast between their expectations and reality. After they are married, Eternal happiness and satisfaction eludes them while the actions of their male counterparts slap them in the face and bring them back to reality. We can see that each of the girls thinks marriage or in Sara’s case, achieving her goals would solve their problems, but it turns out it isn’t the magical solution they thought it would be. Bessie and Fania get married, only to face the fact that life wasn’t all rosy and carefree as they thought it would be. When Sara gives her own room on rent, she visualizes about how amazing and enriching it will be, only to find herself greatly longing for someone to talk to. In essence all three have set ideas of love in their minds and later on realize just how different real life really is. The book showcases entire generations that moved to America. It was the golden time of opportunity and the part that the Jewish women played in society is of phenomenal interest. Bibliography Takaki, Ronald. , A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America (New York: Little, Brown & Co. , 1993), 508 pages Gjerde, John. , ed. Major Problems in American Immigration and Ethnic History: Documents and Essays. (Cengage Learning, 1998) Jacobs, Harriet. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1861, rep. 2001). Reimers, David. Unwelcome Strangers. (New York : Columbia University Press, c1998). Yezierska, Anzia. Breadgivers. (1925)

Speech on the rain forest. - 1444 Words

Attention Getter: The rainforest is one of the Earths most valuable natural resources. At the current rate of destruction it could be completely wiped out in the next 40 years. Audience Motivator: Every single day we are losing 137 plants, animal and insect species due to rainforest deforestation (Rainforest Facts). Landowners and governments of the rainforest today need to be given a good economic reason not to destroy the rainforest. We need to make an economy for the sustainable resources of the rainforest, not the cattle and logging operations. Thesis Statement: Most people have no idea just how much the rainforest is affecting our lives. Many of our foods and medicines come directly from the rainforest. Even the oxygen we breathe†¦show more content†¦Yet, fewer than 1% of tropical species have been thoroughly examined for their chemical compounds. Many of the foods we eat today originated in the rainforests: avocado, banana, black pepper, brazilian nuts, cayenne pepper, chocolate/cocoa, fig, eggplant, etc. The wild strains still in the rainforests of many of these plants provide genetic materials essential to fortify our existing agricultural stock. Many other rainforests plants have great promise to become other staple foods. Rainforests play a critical role in the atmosphere in part because they hold vast reserves of carbon in their vegetation. When rainforests are burned, or the trees are cut and left to decay, the carbon is released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. This is the second largest factor contributing to the greenhouse ffect. Transition Statement: The rainforests are being destroyed every second. They are being cut down for short-term economic benefit. Once an area is destroyed, it can never again return to the amazing ecosystem that it once was. It takes millions of years to create, and seconds to destroy. 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